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This increased social stability and reinforced sedentism, social stratification, specialized use of resources, and probably population growth. The Hopewell inherited from their Adena forebears an incipient social stratification. They practiced a mixture of hunting, gathering, and crop growing. The term Hopewell is applied to a wide scattering of peoples who lived near rivers in temporary settlements of 1-3 households. What any of the various peoples now classified as Hopewellian called themselves is unknown. The mound group was named after Mordecai Hopewell, whose family then owned the property where the earthworks are sited. Moorehead after his explorations in 18 of the Hopewell Mound Group in Ross County, Ohio. The name "Hopewell" was applied by Warren K. Similarly, the Havana Hopewell tradition was thought to have spread up the Illinois River and into southwestern Michigan, spawning Goodall Hopewell. Or, Hopewell was said to have originated in western Illinois and spread by diffusion. Hopewell populations originated in western New York and moved south into Ohio, where they built upon the local Adena mortuary tradition. 5 Local expressions of Hopewellian traditionsĪlthough the origins of the Hopewell are still under discussion, the Hopewell culture can also be considered a cultural climax.The objects created by the Hopewell exchange system were traded far and wide they have been found among grave goods in many burials outside the Midwest.
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These people converted the materials into products and exported them through local and regional exchange networks. Most of the items traded were exotic materials they were delivered to peoples living in the major trading and manufacturing areas. Peoples within the Hopewell exchange system received materials from all over the territory of what now comprises the United States. Within this area, societies participated in a high degree of exchange, with the highest amount of activity along waterways, which were the main transportation routes. This is known as the Hopewell exchange system.Īt its greatest extent, the Hopewell exchange system ran from the northern shores of Lake Ontario south to the Crystal River Indian Mounds in modern-day Florida. The Hopewell tradition was not a single culture or society, but a widely dispersed set of populations connected by a common network of trade routes. The Hopewell tradition (also called the Hopewell culture) describes the common aspects of an ancient pre-Columbian Native American civilization that flourished in settlements along rivers in the northeastern and midwestern Eastern Woodlands from 100 BCE to 500 CE, in the Middle Woodland period. Hopewell Interaction Area and local expressions of the Hopewell tradition